Note: The original text was written between the 13th and tenth century BCE, in cuneiform on clay tablets. The two primary discovered sources are in Akkadian and Old Babylonian (a dialect of Akkadian). Titles: 1-) The Old Babylonian version was known as "Shūtur eli sharrī" ("Surpassing All Other Kings"). 2-) The Akkadian version, compiled by Sîn-lēqi-unninni was known as "Sha naqba īmuru" ("He who Saw the Abyss", in modern terms: "He who Sees the Unknown"). This version was also known as "iškar Gilgāmeš".

Synopsis: Proto-fantasy. In addition to gods (which would not qualify it for speculative fiction content), it includes a variety of fantastic creatures, including Humbaba, a monstrous guardian of the Cedar Forest, The Bull of Heaven, and Utnaburisht, an immortal sage.